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Fire Caterpillar,Podalia sp:
Lagartas que apresentam longas cerdas (pêlos), de coloração variada. Estas cerdas são inofensivas, mas escondem as cerdas de veneno (espinhos), que são menores e possuem glândula de veneno na base.
America do Sul
Where I read it. Larva of the flannel moth
http://news.discovery.com/animals/insect...
Not having the sense of size, I was about to ask if this was related to a porcupine. Then I saw bayucca's identification suggestion & looked it up. Lots smaller, but this caterpillar seems to have similarly pokey barbs!