Filigrana (Watermark)

For the record, an immature moth (versus sawfly) is also definitely possible.

Thanks for the update, Keith!

Dr. Freitas has subsequently determined this to be a "look-alike" sawfly larva, not an E. eupompe butterfly caterpillar. Amigo Sérgio, please update the identification.

Yes, Bayucca, I was talking about that Stichelia / Parana skirmish. Unfortunately, I couldn't talk to Luis after that, but I am planning to go to the University as soon as I can. And you are right, to find out which caterpillar corresponds to a butterfly is like to tie the loose ends of a rope (and, as you can see in my spots, here we have no shortage of caterpillars or butterflies... many ropes to tie yet!)

That was probably my Stichelia bocchoris vs. his Parana soana ;-)...
http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/828... Or did I oppose to another one?
Cool spotting! Now you have both, butterfly and caterpillar of this as I remember endemic species of Southern Brazil. I fully accept the ID, add a link with a specimen IDed by the below mentioned André Freitas:
http://tolweb.org/Tritonia

Thank you again, Keith. The adult's ID was provided by Luis Anderson Ribeiro Leite, currently concluding his Doctorate at Federal University of Parana. I'll take his word for that, although Bayucca questioned at least one of his previous IDs... BTW, "filigrana" means "watermark" in portuguese too... :-)

Excellent ! Pleasant surprise on the ID.

Determination courtesy of Dr. André Freitas (http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual...), leading Brazilian ithomiine expert and authority on nymphalid immatures. Assuming this adult ID is correct, here's the butterfly . . .
http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/761...

Ok, Keith, I'll upload other pictures soon.

Sérgio, the plant appears to be in the Solanaceae (nightshade family) – can you confirm? If possible, please post other photos of the caterpillar. Thanks!

Argybee, I really don't know but, by the images I found in the web, it could very well be.

some kind of dart ?