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Polygonia c album.
The Comma (Polygonia c-album) is a species of butterfly belonging to the family Nymphalidae. Its irregular wing edges are characteristic of the Polygonia genus, which is why they are commonly called anglewings. Its dorsal wings are colourful but its underside has a pattern that camouflages it when its wings are held together.
thanks juliejim7863 for the ID. When I looked at the link, it said Polygonia c-album was found in Europe and mentioned that the species found in Japan was P. c. hamigera (Butler, 1877) Ussuri (type locality Edo, Japan) but I couldn't find a photo.