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Coigüe (Galls / Agallas)

Nothofagus dombeyi

Description:

Superior Taxa: Nothofagaceae / Fagales
Coihue, Coigüe (mapudungun koywe)
Árbol monoico, siempreverde de hasta 45m de altura y más de 3m de diámetro; corteza con grietas longitudinales poco profundas de color gris (foto derecha), follaje de aspecto estratificado. Es posible observar un follaje más grisáceo, debido a una abundante exudación blanquecina que cubre las hojas (foto derecha). Hojas alternas, coriáceas, de forma aovado-lanceoladas, glabras a excepción del nervio medio, base generalmente cuneada, ápice agudo, márgenes doblemente aserrados, pecíolos de 3-9mm de largo. Lámina de 2-3 x 1-1,5cm, glanduloso-punteadas (foto derecha). Flores pequeñas unisexuales dispuestas en inflorescencias casi en los extremos de las ramas; flores masculinas de a 3 en las axilas de las hojas, cada una rodeada por un perigonio de 2,2-3mm de largo, 4-5 lóbulos, glabros o algo pubescentes en los ángulos del perigonio que rodea 8-15 estambres; flores femeninas de a 3, reunidas en un involucro común partido en 4. El fruto esta formado por una cúpula de 4 valvas angostas, en su interior 3 nueces de color amarillento de 2-3mm de largo, algo peludas, siendo las dos inferiores triangulares y la interna plana.
Se suele creer semillas a las agallas (tumores) que el árbol crea para defenderse de la postura de huevos de algunos parásitos (1a y 2a foto), principalmente Aditrochus coihuensis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). ref: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=...
Usos: La madera tiene una bonita beta y es utilizada en construcción y fabricación de muebles.
Etimología: Nothofagus, del latín = falsa haya. Dombeyi, en honor a José Dombey, botánico Frances (1742-1796). Coigüe, nombre Mapuche.

Nothofagus dombeyi (Coihue or Coigüe) can become a large tree, up to 45 m (148 ft) high and 1.9 m (6.2 ft) in diameter. One tree, felled by a storm in 1954, reportedly measured 2.55 m (8.36 ft)in diameter at the height of a man's chest and a total volume, including the branches, of 87 m³.
The coihue usually has elegant branches which are flattened horizontally. The leaves are evergreen, small (25–40 mm long and 10–16 mm wide), thick, coriaceous and lustrous, dark green, with toothed borders and an acute apex; they have a very small, rounded and rhomb-shaped petiole. The tree is hermaphroditic; male and female flowers are grouped in the same tree, and pollen is spread by wind action. The flowers are little visible because they are green and measure less than 5 mm. The fruit is a triangular nut that measures about 4–7 mm.
Commonly confused with seeds are galls the trees make to fend themselves from the eggs layed by parasites (1st and 2nd pictures), mainly by Aditrochus coihuensis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). ref: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=...
Coihue timber is considered of good quality. In Argentina its exploitation is limited by the presence of the best forests within national parks. The wood is bright grayish white; the heartwood is a pale pink-white, which darkens after cut. Its texture is very fine and makes it easy to work with. It has a beautiful engraving, is semi-heavy, hard, durable, easy-to-work and decay resistant. It is used in furniture, barrels, floors and building. It has been introduced as ornamental in the British Isles and also in the North Pacific Coast of the United States.
The name of the tree is often spelled coigüe. Other related trees named coihue are the Coihue de Magallanes (Nothofagus betuloides), and the Coihue de Chiloé (Nothofagus nitida).

Habitat:

Crece desde Colchagua hasta Aisén (VI a XI región)
También en el sudoeste de Argentina, en la cercanía de la cordillera de los Andes, al sur del paralelo 38º S; en las provincias de Neuquén, Río Negro, y noroeste de Chubut; y en el centro y sur de Chile, en donde habita desde la VI a la XII región, desde los 35 a 47° latitud sur, y desde el nivel del mar hasta 1200 msnm de altitud en los Andes.
Habita desde el nivel del mar hasta el límite altitudinal arbóreo ocupando distintos tipos de sitios. Forma bosques puros o es componente dominante de otras asociaciones forestales.

Native to southern Chile and the Andean parts of Argentine Patagonia. It grows from 35 to 45° South latitude between 700 and 1,200 m (2300–4000 ft) above mean sea level. It forms dense forests, like those found in the Los Alerces and Nahuel Huapi national parks. It thrives in low hills with gentle slopes, being very demanding of water and soil; the largest forests are found on the slopes looking south, and the healthier specimens tend to grow on the banks of rivers and lakes. It sometimes forms mixed forests with Araucaria araucana (monkey-puzzle) trees, for example in the Villarrica National Park in Chile. It is fast-growing and well-distributed species that lives in several climatic conditions.

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1 Comment

Agustín Amenabar L
Agustín Amenabar L 11 years ago

Really let's hope not in is home? this is a huge tree, not for a regular house, in a big park you can grow a few and will look awesome in a few years. In a house they may become a problem sooner than you expect. They are very pretty though.

Lago Ranco, XIV Región de Los Ríos, Chile

Spotted on Feb 14, 2012
Submitted on Sep 27, 2012

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