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I have seen this caterpillar once, but can't remember. I will keep an eye on it. I certainly know about Puerto Maldonado (I have it actually on my weather favorites on my iPhone to look in snowy times what kind of weather is on one of my favorite spots on earth ;-)...). But I meant your own location on your profile, which should be Tortuguero!
The photo is tagged as being from Puerto Maldonado, BTW. On this page, on the far right next to the photo is the location info.
This photo was taken in Puerto Maldonado, Peru. Mechanitis polymnia sounds correct, from what I remember, but I'm no expert.
Heliconius do not have a red head. It is a Mechanitis sp., Mechanitis polymnia polymnia, do not confused about location and white spots in the link. Polymnia is a very widespread species and the spots might be missing, but I think is your shot I can guess some spots where they should be ;-)...
What are you doing in Tortuguero???