Late summer meadow

Description:

Late summer wildflowers in a boggy meadow. You can see goldenrods (Solidago sp.), Steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa), Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris) and somewhat unusually, Bear Oak (Quercus ilicifolia). This meadow is also home to several species of orchid, many ferns, cranberries and is a nesting site for Wood Turtles. It is unfortunately being taken over by aggressive invasive shrubs like Glossy Buckthorn (Frangula alnus) and Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata).