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Great Plains Rat Snake is actually one of the categorizations we received in Facebook comments - rat snake in general was the conclusion I had come to (I mostly cared to know that it wasn't poisonous before trying to pick it up to put it back outside), though some people also indicated bull snake. The band across his eyes was throwing me. (I keep saying 'he' but really have no idea as to the gender of the snake.)
The MO state website that Mandy posted is actually how we got as far in categorizing it as we did. :)
Thanks for all the comments so far!!