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Wet highlands on ridge in Oahu Hawaii
Moist highland
The question at hand is whether the small spots on this fern are spores or not?
The underside of the spots are called sori. These are groups of structures called sporangia, often covered by a cap called an indusium. Inside each sporangia is a multitude of spores.
There's quite a good diagram of fern reproduction if you scroll down a bit here: http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/docs/altge...