Red Deer (bite wound on Spruce)

Description:

This is a typical (older) bite wound of Red Deer on a Spruce's bark. From the height of the wound you can tell if it's a wound caused by Red or Fallow Deer (the common types of deer here in Germany). Deer tends to get to the nutritious layers of the tree, right under the bark, if food gets rare in the winter months. The damage that deer causes in German woods is enourmous, since most of the (preferably juvenile) trees die due to the damage.