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It is a carpobrotus, but doesn't look quite right for c. chilensis.
The flower looks like a bush mallow (Malacothamnus sp.) Not sure about the grass, maybe smilo grass.
This can be a nasty invasive plant, which may be why it seemed not to fit into its surroundings.
Definitely some sort of Opuntia cactus, not sure which species.
Alas, that is supposed to say 'Bitternut Hickory'. It was very cold out.
They say the cold winters keep these out of Vermont. I think they are actually beautiful, in their own way, but any time i reach into a wood pile i am glad they aren't here too.
Toyon (heteromeles arbutifolia)
might be White sage (salvia apiana) if the leaves smell good. Or else perhaps some sort of buckwheat.
It's horehound (marrubium vulgare), a non-native herb.
Oops! I guess my hands were cold :)