The larvae of less than 2% of the species have been described. Of those that have been described, many prefer moist environments, and some leatherjackets are aquatic."/>
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Típula, Crane fly

Description:

Los tipúlidos (Tipulidae) son una familia de dípteros nematóceros del infraorden Tipulomorpha, conocidos comúnmente como típulas. Los adultos son delgados, con patas muy largas y finas que pueden ir de los 2 a los 60 mm.Se han descrito por lo menos 14.000 especies de típulas. Tipulidae es una de las familias más grandes de dípteros.
Son insectos de apariencia delicada, delgados, de patas muy finas y largas. Suelen mantener las alas abiertas cuando están en reposo lo cual hace fácil ver los grandes halterios o balancines. En contraste con la mayoría de los dípteros no son buenos voladores y son fáciles de atrapar.
Hay gran variación de tamaño; las de climas templados van de 2 a 60 mm. Algunas típulas de climas tropicales llegan a los 100mm. También hay algunas especies muy pequeñas que se pueden confundir con mosquitos; la mayor diferencia es la forma en V de su tórax. A diferencia de los mosquitos no tienen piezas bucales adaptadas a picar y no se alimentan de sangre. Sus alas carecen de las escamas características de los verdaderos mosquitos.
El abdomen de las hembras es más voluminoso que el de los machos porque contiene huevos. Además el abdomen de la hembra termina en un ovipositor afinado que puede parecer un aguijón pero estos insectos no pican.
Las piezas bucales son alargadas dándole un aspecto de hocico. Las larvas tienen una cápsula cefálica característica y los segmentos abdominales a menudo tienen prolongaciones carnosas, casi como tentáculos, que rodean los espiráculos u orificios respiratorios.

A crane fly is an insect in the family Tipulidae. Adults are very slender, long-legged flies that may vary in length from 2–60 millimetres (0.079–2.4 in) though tropical species may exceed to 100 millimetres or 3.9 inches.
In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia they are commonly referred to as daddy longlegs, but this name can also refer to two unrelated arthropods: members of the arachnid order Opiliones (especially in the United States and Canada) and the cellar spider Pholcidae (especially in Australia). The larva of the European Crane Fly is commonly known as a leatherjacket. These larvae can cause damage to lawns by feeding on the roots of grass plants. In Oregon they are sometimes referred to as pterodactyl flies.
Numerous other common names have been applied to the crane fly, many of them more or less regional, including mosquito hawk, mosquito eater (or skeeter eater), wolf mosquito, gallinipper, and gollywhopper.
At least 4,250 species of crane flies have been described, most of them (75%) by the specialist Charles Paul Alexander. This makes Tipulidae one of the largest families of Diptera (although smaller than Limoniidae, one of the other extant families of crane flies).
Despite their common names, as adults, crane flies do not prey on mosquitoes, nor do they bite humans. Some larval crane flies are predatory and may occasionally eat mosquito larvae. Adult crane flies feed on nectar or they do not feed at all. Once they become adults, most crane fly species exist as adults only to mate and die. Their larvae, called "leatherjackets", "leatherbacks", "leatherback bugs" or "leatherjacket slugs" because of the way they move, consume roots (such as those of turf grass) and other vegetation, in some cases causing damage to plants. The crane fly is occasionally considered a mild turf pest in some areas. In 1935, Lord's Cricket Ground in London was among the venues affected by leatherjackets: several thousand were collected by ground staff and burned, because they caused bald patches on the wicket and the pitch took unaccustomed spin for much of the season.
The larvae of less than 2% of the species have been described. Of those that have been described, many prefer moist environments, and some leatherjackets are aquatic.

Habitat:

Se caracteriza por contar con abundante vegetación y humedad, aunque también, se les puede encontrar al exterior de las casas, atraídos por la luz.

Notes:

Zancudo Gigante! o así lo nombran mucho cuando lo ven sin saber que no pican.

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Lago Ranco, XIV Región de Los Ríos, Chile

Spotted on Feb 10, 2012
Submitted on Aug 20, 2012

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