Question Mark Caterpillar

Description:

This caterpillar is just a little over an inch. Full grown caterpillars can reach 1 1/4 inches. The larva has a range of colors including black, white, yellow and red, but colors can vary significantly amongst individuals. Yellow, orange of black spines cover the caterpillar offering it protection from predators. The spines are not venomous. There are two generations per year. The question mark actually gets its name from the silvery “question mark” in the middle of the hind wing of the adult butterfly. This unique mark helps differentiate it from the closely related Eastern Comma.

Habitat:

This individual was found in a woodland habitat along a man-made canal. Other habitats include suburban woodlots and parks that offer open spaces in the area. Fencerows are also common habitats for these caterpillars and butterflies. The main host plants for these caterpillars are American and Red Elm, but hackberry, nettles, and false nettles are also sufficient hosts. Question Mark caterpillars and butterflies are abundant and common, yet some local populations are in need of conservation measures to keep numbers thriving.

Notes:

Found on the underside of an unknown leaf. Approximately 4cm in length. The second photo shows the signature "question mark" pose, but according to research, the name actually comes from the "question mark" design on the hind wing of the adult butterfly.